Impact of the spatial resolution of satellite remote sensing sensors in the quantification of total suspended sediment concentration: A case study in turbid waters of Northern Western Australia

The impact of anthropogenic activities on coastal waters is a cause of concern because such activities add to the total suspended sediment (TSS) budget of the coastal waters, which have negative impacts on the coastal ecosystem. Satellite remote sensing provides a powerful tool in monitoring TSS concentration at high spatiotemporal resolution, but coastal managers should be mindful that the satellite-derived TSS concentrations are dependent on the satellite sensor's radiometric properties, atmospheric correction approaches, the spatial resolution and the limitations of specific TSS algorithms. In this study, we investigated the impact of different spatial resolutions of satellite sensor on the quantification of TSS concentration in coastal waters of northern Western Australia. We quantified the TSS product derived from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Aqua, Landsat-8 Operational Land Image (OLI), and WorldView-2 (WV2) at native spatial resolutions of 250 m, 30 m and 2 m respectively and coarser spatial resolution (resampled up to 5 km) to quantify the impact of spatial resolution on the derived TSS product in different turbidity conditions. The results from the study show that in the waters of high turbidity and high spatial variability, the high spatial resolution WV2 sensor reported TSS concentration as high as 160 mg L-1 while the low spatial resolution MODIS-Aqua reported a maximum TSS concentration of 23.6 mg L-1. Degrading the spatial resolution of each satellite sensor for highly spatially variable turbid waters led to variability in the TSS concentrations of 114.46%, 304.68% and 38.2% for WV2, Landsat-8 OLI and MODIS-Aqua respectively. The implications of this work are particularly relevant in the situation of compliance monitoring where operations may be required to restrict TSS concentrations to a pre-defined limit

Thermodynamics of Bi2O3-SiO2 system

Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Bi2O3-SiO2 solutions were determined from the results of the electrochemical measurements by use of the solid oxide galvanic cells with YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia) electrolyte. Activities of Bi2O3 in the solutions were determined for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 SiO2 mole fractions in the temperature range 1073-1293 K from measured electromotive force (e.m.f) of the solid electrolyte galvanic cell: Bi, Bi2O3-SiO2 | YSZ | air (pO2 = 0.213 bar) Additionally, heat capacity data obtained for two solid phases 6Bi2O3•SiO2 and 2Bi2O3•3SiO2 were included into optimization of thermodynamic properties of the system. Optimization procedure was supported by differential thermal analysis (DTA) data obtained in this work as well as those accepted from the literature. Using the data obtained in this work, and the information about phase equilibria found in the literature, binary system Bi2O3-SiO2 was assessed with the ThermoCalc software

Production of steel Production of concrete structure reinforcement steels of guaranteed weldability and yield point in tandem furnaces

20.50; Translated from Czech (Hutnik (Prague) 1984 v. 1 p. 10-15)SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9022.06(BISI--23461)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Dynamics of storm-driven suspended sediments in a headwater catchment described by multivariable modeling

Water ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience

Chaos and commensurability in hole-antidot arrays with non-isotropic Fermi surface

Periodic antidot arrays imposed upon two-dimensional hole systems (2DHSs) display a striking dependence of the positive low-field magnetoresistance on the in-plane crystallographic orientation of the superlattice. An enhanced positive magnetoresistance can be ascribed to the 2DHSs non-circular Fermi surface which stabilizes chaotic trajectories for specific crystallographic directions. The effect provides a first example of the role of non-spherical Fermi surfaces on the classical chaotic dynamics of charge carriers. Transport calculations taking into account both the classical chaotic motion of the holes in antidot lattices and the warped Fermi contour confirm this picture